The US has abundant “hard rock” geology ideal for underground structures such as shafts and tunnels.

Exclusive use of electric tunnel boring and shaft raising equipment.

The construction process produces abundant aggregate byproduct (“crushed stone”) for

use in critical building materials.

Utility scale, 100 year asset life, energy storage resource with no associated waste at end of life.

Builds and utilizes a domestic supply chain that avoids reliance on foreign suppliers for energy security.

Pumped hydroelectric storage operates by using electrically powered pump-turbines to send water from a lower storage reservoir into an upper storage reservoir during times of relatively low electricity demand and low electricity prices.

When electricity demand and prices are high, the water is released to flow through turbines to generate electricity.

Utilizes commonly available pumped-turbines that improve system reliability and scalability to meet local infrastructure requirements.